哈姆雷特英文读书笔记-哈姆雷特，一个理想主义者

In Hamlet, Elsinore is a society which people are seen acting in a
deceitful manner in order to gain personal measures and prestige. These people
mask their true in intentions to acquire selfish desires. In doing so they
develop a theme of the discrepancy between the way things appear and their true
realities. Hamlet, on the other hand, is an honest, moral individual trapped in
this deceitful society. Hamlet is faced with the dilemma to either lower
himself to their level by utilizing deception, or leave wrongs unrighted by
remaining true to himself. In Hamlet, the theme of appearance versus reality is
prevalent in Hamlet's decision between his morals and his father as he decides
to utilize the deceit of his society, starts recognizing it in others and
finally in using it to avenge his father.
When Hamlet is introduced he is seen acting as he feels and this is what
prevents him from repaying in kind for his father's murder. Hamlet grieves over
the loss of his father so long and intensely that no one understands, for
Gertrude and Claudius tell him he needs to move on like they have done, yet
Hamlet can't understand this. His actions are reflections of his true feelings
while the rest of his peers seem to be ignoring their grief. When Hamlet finds
out that he is supposed to kill Claudius for his father he becomes distraught.
This is because Hamlet's morals won't allow him to kill even if it releases Old
Hamlet from his purgatory. He later realizes that he must start appearing
differently than usual in order to carry out his father's word. Hamlet decides
to put on an "antic disposition" and in doing so has started becoming deceitful.
He is trying to mask his true feelings in order to prepare himself for his
dilemma.
When Hamlet starts being deceitful he starts to recognize the deceit in
others and how they make themselves appear differently from their realities.
Hamlets decision to put on an "antic disposition" was not honest to himself but
he felt that he must appear differently than he feels to fulfill his needs.
Hamlet first recognizes the deceit in Claudius after his father visits.
Claudius committed the sin of fratricide (especially horrendous in this
Christian society); but was now enjoying the fruits of his sin at the cost ofhis community. He tricked Elsinore into thinking he was a good king who stepped
in to save the kingdom, yet in reality he was the cause of all the trouble.
Claudius knew he had done wrong, for he later laments his action, but was now
just, "smile[ing], and smile[ing], and be[ing] a villain"(IV 108). Hamlet now
had to choose to either disgrace his society by allowing a fake and murderer to
rule or to correct the unknown wrong. Secondly Hamlet suspected Rosencrantz and
Guildendtern of being manipulated by the deceptive king, so he checked the
letters on the way to England. In doing so he uncovered the fact that they
weren't the true friends they appeared to be. Hamlet found out that the king
had ordered for him to be executed so he changed the letter to order the deaths
of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instead. Thus, Hamlet was now merging with his
society by utilizing deceit in order to kill and to find answers to his problems
and questions. This "antic disposition" was more a characteristic of his
society than of Hamlet but he felt it was necessary to cleanse his society of
this evil ruler.
Hamlet could finally allow himself to kill because of this deceit. In
III.4 Hamlet finally tries to kill the king while talking to his mother. Hamlet
had actually killed Polonioius, but he knew that he now had the ability to kill
Claudius. The lack of remorse Hamlet expresses over the deaths of Polonious,
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern show the differences between his original grief
stricken appearance and his new reality. However, even though he was more
deceitful, he was still not completely changed from his original instinctively
trusting self. This is seen when Hamlet accepts Laertes' challenge after he
witnessed the situation between himself and Elsinore getting tense throughout
his "antic disposition." He naively accepts the duel and in doing so he gets
poisoned. To Hamlet the duel appeared as a recreational event but he reality
was that it killed him. When Hamlet finds out about the poisoned sword and wine
he finally kills Claudius, making him drink the wine, just as Claudius had done
to his mother and father. The deaths of Polonious, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern
and Claudius, who were all, "Hoist[ed] by their own petar[s]," show that it is
better to be truthful than deceitful; for ones' wicked ways will catch them.

Hamlet was originally an idealist who believed he lived in a place where
appearance was reality but finally realized he was mistaken. Had Hamlet not
changed from his original appearance to his final reality, by using deceit, he
would have never been able to kill Claudius. However, if he had stayed true to
himself he still would have died without purging the corrupt from Elsinore nor
avenging his father's death, thus leaving his father's kingdom sullied, with no
hope for purification.

Taking Risks-谈冒险

Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Some people take the view that sometimes in life we have to take chances in order to make progress. I admire such people. It certainly takes guts to take risks. Maybe it's because of my upbringing, but I am the type who usually plays it safe.
　　People like me prefer the saying, "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." Conservative as it may be, it keeps me out of trouble. I must confess, however, that leading such a moderate life may, at times, be boring. Admittedly, my life is not half as colorful or exciting as other people's but at least it gives me a sense of security.
　　不入虎穴，焉得虎子。有些人认为我们在一生之中，有时候必须冒点险以求进步。我佩服这些人。冒险的确须有勇气才行。也许是由于我的成长背景，我是属于那种稳扎稳打型的人。
　　像我这样的人喜欢这句格言：「一鸟在手胜于两鸟在林」。也许这种说法有些保守，但是那可使我免除麻烦。但我必须承认的是，过如此平凡的生活，有时候可能很无聊。无可讳言地，我的生活不及其它人一半的多采多姿和刺激，但是至少它使我有安全感。

On Bravery-论勇敢

We often do not take much notice of the people around us who on public service jobs. These people are train station workers, airline stewardess, firemen, policemen, bus drivers, taxi drivers and soldiers. Only during some accident these people are then the first ones to come to our aid and sometimes at the risk of their own lives. Recently, I saw a big fire in a ten-story apartment house where firemen worked under great danger. Luckily in this case no one was hurt. Each of us have within us the essence of bravery available on our everyday job, or just going to school, or at home. Soldiers are called to show bravery in defending their country from aggression. Sometimes during a national disaster such as an earthquake or typhoon soldiers are called to help show bravery and strength.
　　

怎样学好英语？

英语最重要的的是单词和句型和时态 语法。但是现在的人有很多是因为单词背不下，句型老出差错。所以我们学习英语，先要学习的是音标，音标是英语的拼音，英语和语文都是文科，一般语文好的人英语也好学。英语的单词都是有一定规律的，类如单三，过去式······都是由原来单词所改变的，尽管有一些会变动，但是还是很好学的。接下来是句型，句型的记法更加简单，要学英语一定要读，尽管我没有大声但是我可以把发音准确地记下，无聊时，一句一遍的嘀咕。到最后，怎麽也会了。但是有人就不行，那就要大声朗读了。写也要会写，并不是强制性的叫你写几百几千的，如果你可以一下记住，也就不费事。但是要保持一周考一次，要保持“饥饿”，这样才对英语有渴望性。时不时要多写写卷纸，家长们尽量不要让孩子们写和学英语时很沮丧，说一些不爱学英语，不想学英语之类的话。要慢慢的教明白，不要让孩子感到英语很难很无聊。让他爱上英语，这样才可以。 　　 大家都知道，生活在21世纪的年轻人掌握一门外语是十分重要的，尤其是英语。如何学好英语，提高英语水平，是当前很多中学生困惑的问题。其实，学好英语并不是一件难事，关键在于要掌握好的学习方法。学习方法自然是因人而异、因时而异的。其实方法本身无所谓好与坏，关键就看它能否完美地与 个人相结合，提高学习效率，如果一套方法能够激发你的学习兴趣，提高学习效率的话，以后要做的就是坚持下去。可能我们都见过类似的情况：有的人整日埋头书案，学得很辛苦，但成绩仍不理想：有的人则懂得“有张有弛”，学得很轻松，而且名列前茅。如果你是后者，相信你已经找到了良好的学习方法与你个人的最佳结合点了，只要持之以恒即可；而前者已经具备了一定的毅力，关键就在于提高自己的学习效率了。 　　 如何学好英语的另一个关键是提高英语学习的兴趣。爱因斯坦说过“兴趣是最好的老师”。兴趣是产生学习的动力。那如何产生学习的兴趣呢？当然你必须要学会英语、懂得英语、会在生活实践中运用你所学习的英语知识。你懂得越多你的兴趣就会越浓。首先，你必须有足够的词汇量，有坚实的语法知识 。
如何学好英语一：词汇
　　词汇是如何学好英语的关键，没有足够的词汇就无从谈起听、说、读、写。词汇量的大小决定一个学生英语水平的高低。因此在初中阶段除要掌握《大纲》要求的800多词汇外，还要扩充500个左右的词汇。在学习词汇的过程中，要掌握词的拼读规则，根据规则记忆单词；同时还要根据构词法知识记忆和扩充单词，通过语境理解和记忆单词也是一个最佳学习单词的好方法。目前词汇在中考试题中汉译英的试题越来越少，取而代之的是词汇在语境中的运用考查比重越来越大。
　　在进入学习英语的初级阶段时，掌握语音知识是学好英语单词的基础，读准英语音素是拼读音标的前提。因此一定要熟练掌握48个音素，要做到会拼读、拼写。有些同学认为中考试题的笔试部分取消了对语音的考查，于是就不再重视　　其次，要注意训练自己听音、辨音和模仿的能力。课堂上，专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音，争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子，课下一定要挤时间反复模仿，直到读准、读熟为止。　　再次，熟练掌握读音规则，培养自己根据读音规则把字母(或字母组合)与读音建立起联系的能力。因为掌握拼读规则对单词的记忆很有好处。为此要经常复习巩固每单元最后一课的“Listen，read and say”和课本附录中的"Pronunciation and spelling”，如果不重视这些内容。我觉得这可是很大的缺撼。如果谁能够熟练掌握它，它可就成为你记忆单词的好帮手了。

如何学好英语二：单词
　　说到记忆单词，这可是同学们普遍感到头疼的事。尤其是现行的新教材词汇量扩大了不少，记忆的难度就更大了。记不住单词，如何学好英语就无从谈起。所以突破单词这一难关非常关键，记忆单词的方法很多。
　　1.按读音记忆单词。实际上在你看单词时就要顺便看一眼音标，如：①按开、闭音节记忆，掌握元音字母的读音。Bag: cat, map, sad; bus: nut, cup, rubber等
。　　②按字母组合记忆，掌握元音字母组合和辅音字母组合的读音，如：bee, meet, see等等，ee字母组合读/i:/；　　　2.分音节记忆。如：information，共11个字母组成，可以把它“大卸八块”，分音节记忆就会很容易in-for-ma-tion。
　　3.音、形、义结合法。背单词将它的音、形、义结合起来，记忆牢固，速度也快。读准它的音，看好它的形，明白它的义，尤其是一词多义，记忆时要提高分辨率。如：orange是个兼类词，作可数名词意思是“桔子”；作形容词意思是“桔色的”；作不可数名词意思是“桔汁”。可读音只有一个/'orindJ/，词形一样。这样有意识地去分辨记忆就容易多了。　　4.联想记忆来记单词。它主要包括以下几种形式：　　① 对比联想记忆：同义词: study／learn(学习)，big／large／great(大的)等。反义词: 如：big(大) →small(小)，dear(昂贵) →cheap(便宜) 同音词: too(也) →two(二)，for(为) →four(四)，词形相近比较：want(想要)→wait(等待)，read(读)→ready(准备好的)等放到一起对比记忆。同时还可以联想到一些义同形不同的词。如：由cost联想到pay，take和spend，并将这些意义相对、相同或读音相同的词的用法进行比较。 　　②归类联想记忆：把所学的单词按照不同的范畴分门别类, 将所学单词合理归类。　　A.按词性归类。如：名词driver, name…,动词be, have, drive…, 形容词careful, happy…,副词carefully等。　　B.按用途归类。如：服装类coat, shirt, skirt, sweater, shoes…,食品类cake, rice, dumpling, noodle等。　　③构词联想记忆：利用同根词(词形转换)联想记忆，注意词性。英语单词中有许多词具有一词多性的特点，如open既可作动词用，又可作形容词用。另一些词具有同一个词根，如单词care既具备名词性质又具备动词性质，它的同根词有careful，carefully,careless，carelessly，对于这些词，我们应重点记忆。再如：north→northern，noise→noisy→noisily等。利用合成词联想记忆，如学到moonlight这个词就想到它是由moon和light这两个词合成的;classroom是由class与room合成的。　　④搭配联想记忆：以一个单词为中心搭配不同的词而构成新的短语。　　5.记忆单词还要靠勤奋，抓住零散时间进行记忆。记忆单词时，除了以上方法外还要做到“五到”①脑到—背单词时肯定要想着，不能开小差。②眼到—仔细观察单词的写法。③口到—口里要念着单词。④耳到—听着自己的读音。⑤手到—用手在书桌上或纸上写几遍这个单词。不要偷懒，一定要边记边壁划。把各器官动用起来，相信自己一定能记住更多的单词。　　6.学好英语做好课前预习和课后复习也是十分重要的。
如何学好英语三：语法
　　语法是如何学好英语的基础，它是掌握英语的工具。在你掌握了一定的词汇量后，了解一些语法知识是非常必要的。选择填空是考查语法的一个重要题型。它可以通过选择的方式考查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词和数词等等覆盖面较广。　　时态学习是中国学生最为头疼是一项语法项目。因为中国人在语言的表达中只有时间的变化，而没有时态的概念，但英语中语言所表述的事情处在不同的时间，要用不同的时态，而且时态的关键表述在句子的谓语动词上。有时背起规则来很容易，但在句子的使用中却常常出现错误。 要准确地掌握初中阶段的五个基本时态，重要的还是要在句子中多运用。1.掌握连系动词be，feel，look，get，turn等与表语连用的一般用法。2.掌握延续性动词与瞬间动词在用法上的区别。下面将五个基本时态列表如下：
时态
时间
结构
一般现在时
often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week … ), on Sunday
He/She/It+ 动词 s I/We/You/They+ 动词原形
一般过去时
yesterday, … ago, last week, in 2001
主语 + 动词的过去式
现在进行时
now
主语 +be+ 现在分词
现在将来时
tomorrow, next week
主语 +will/be going to+ 动词原形
现在完成时
already, yet, ever, never, for+ 一段时间， since+ 时间起点
He/She/It has+ 过去分词 I/We/ You/They have + 过去分词
　　动词在语言交流中是十分重要的，语法只是学好英语的工具，利用这个工具可以提高自己的自学能力。在理解时态的过程中要注意上下句或前后语境的提示。要注意动词的基本变化。

如何学好英语四：交际
　　《大纲》指出“使学生掌握一定的语言基本知识和基本技能，建立初步的语感，获得初步运用英语的能力，为真实交际打下基础”。如何学好英语的关键在于运用。同学们是否注重自己英语，口语的练习呢?我们没有说外语的环境，但要尽量创造。每天早上起床后，应该是先读上至少5分钟英语。大声朗读不仅可以练习发音，形成良好的语感，而且对听力的提高也有着不可低估的作用。另外，我们还要利用一切可能的机会用英语和同学、老师或者其它懂英语的人打招呼或谈论事情。碰到生词，就汉英夹杂着说。一开始，可能不太习惯，但没有关系，只要坚持就会有结果。前苏联语言学家巴乌利?阿里斯德教授能流利地讲十五种外语。他说：“我只要学会了100个单词，就立即用这种语言讲话。一个怕出错的人永远也讲不了地道的外语。”看来，要想练好口语，真要有“厚着脸皮，磨破嘴皮”的精神才行。
如何学好英语五：阅读
　　阅读理解难度较高，必须在有了充足的词汇的基础上才能进行阅读训练。它是检查你英语学习水平的高低的重要标志。你是否在阅读上花了不少的力气呢？要想提高阅读水平，除了学习课本外，必须在课外有意识地扩大阅读量，提高阅读速度，掌握阅读技巧。养成课余阅读英文读物的习惯。刚开始时，由于词汇量的限制，你可以阅读一些较浅显的文章，尽量读那些没有生词的简易读物。随着词汇量的扩大，你的胃口也会越来越大。要多读原汁原味的文章，这样不仅开阔了眼界，还学到了不少知识。一段时间下来，你的词汇量会丰富不少，理解能力也有长足的进步。开始要有意地读一些诸如科普、历史、地理、环保、医学保健方面的小品文。　　有的同学还会经常碰到这样的问题：是文章本身对我来讲没有生词，但做阅读理解题时经常会出现偏差。当然这种情况更多地是设计到阅读理解的考试。说明你在阅读过程中遇到了理解上的障碍，因此在阅读理解中掌握一些答题技巧也是十分重要的。　　完形填空也属于阅读文章的一种考查形式，但它所考查的是语言知识在文章中的运用。这也是很多学生最感头疼的一种题型。当然要很好地完成这样的题，首先你要具备一定的词汇量，同时要在学习词汇的过程中积累词汇知识。如：从汉语的角度上可能大意相差无几，但英语的用法和习惯却有所不同。如：“花费”，“我花10元钱买一本书”。英语的表达可以是I spent 10 yuan on the book. I paid 10 yuan for the book. The book cost me 10 yuan.它所用的动词不同，其搭配也不同。这就靠你平时在学习词汇是的积累。在文章中根据它的习惯或搭配熟练运用。完形填空是障碍性阅读，它是基础知识与阅读理解的完美结合，在中考中特别重要。完形填空要求对一篇不完整的文章进行补全，使全文通顺，意思完整。完形填空旨在测试考生的综合运用语言的能力，因此要做好完形填空题，不仅仅只具备语法、句法等知识，如何学好英语更重要的是还应具有阅读理解能力、综合分析能力、语言实践能力和战胜困难的自信心。常常是这种情况，对某一单句来讲，四个选项全可以选，没有词汇或语法错误，但是，如果从上下文看，就只有一项选择是正确的。因此要根据上文出现事情的起因，推出下文出现事情的结局，特别注意上文出现的提示和下文出现的暗示。对于较难的空格可以多角度进行分析。可以尝试从词语辨析、习语和固定搭配、上下文、常识等多方面进行思考，综合各方面的信息，把错误的选项一一排除。　　对于完形填空这种题型，心理上不要畏惧，以免影响阅读的速度和理解的效率，应掌握下列解题方法。①浏览全文，把握大意。第一遍先通读全文，跳过选项，理解大意，以便做到心中有数。②先易后难，通篇考虑，反复推敲。这是做完形填空的关键步骤。对于一时难以确定的，先绕过。③复查核对。做完后，应再通读一遍全文，以确保无误。方法运用得当，掌握解题技巧，答题的正确率就毋庸置疑了。
如何学好英语六：听力
　　都说如何学好英语中学好英语难，听好英语更难!真是这样吗?那要看同学们如何来理解这个问题了。　　听力材料应该多样化，朗读风格应该是多样化的。不同的流露因带有不同的人朗读的，各人朗读的风格是差异的。你也许有这样的体会，听自己较熟悉的人讲英语时，你容易听懂，但一个陌生人说同应内容的英语，你可能就听不明白了。不是别人读的不准，而是各人朗读的习惯、风格差异所致。因此多接触各种人读的英语是有好处的。你们现在能接触到的有声材料，有的是英国人读的．有是美国人读的，也有的是中人读的。听力训练强调持之以恒、坚持不懈，每天都应适当安排训练内容。切忌一听几小时或一隔好几天。建议你每天训练的时间最好不要超过半小时。 　　当你自己单独一人在房间里闭门训练听力时要注意两个问题：①不要先看录音原文。②不要随意中断录音。如果没有听懂，可再回放一次。　　另外,课前的预习和精心的准备也是很重要的。从学习语言上讲”听懂”了英语。这个过程包括听懂一听不懂一连蒙带猜一听懂，这是采用类推法学习英语的方法之一。　　我们知道，婴儿时期对语言的认识是从”听”开始的，然后是模仿着说，最后才是自由地说，学英语的过程也是一样的!如果你在实际的英语交流中能正确运用．那么你的口语成绩一定不错，听力水平也一定不赖。因为口语和听力水平基本上是成正比例的。　　在此，我们建议同学们：在掌握音标的发音，单词的拼读基础上，一定要通过对句子的朗读锻炼，提高自己的口语水平，进而提高自己的听辨音水平。要知道：只有读音正确才能听音明确，从而提高“听”，的积极性，从而达到如何学好英语的目的。
如何学好英语七：书面表达
　　书面表达是如何学好英语中的最难点。包括词汇、语法等各种知识的综合体。很多同学爱写作文，可总是写不好。但是只要你掌握了科学的写作步骤，是写出高质量的英语习作是得心应手的。　　第一步，审题。无论写什么样的文章都不能离开文章的主题。主题是文章所要表达的中心，是文章的灵魂主宰。如果审不清主题，就有可能出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的情况。在审清主题的基础上，同学们还需注意要审清文体。初中阶段要求写作的文体并不复杂，一般有两种：①陈述体。即叙述、记叙一件事，或描述一件物体。②对话体。即通过一定的情景，模拟二者(通常是两人)对话的内容。只有把文体审清，才能保证写作的大方向不会错。 　　第二步，选材。审完题之后，就应该着手选材了。主题是文章的宗旨，材料必须为主题服务：主题必须统领材料，二者是密不可分、相辅相成的关系。既然要选材，就必须有充足的备选材料。只有平时多观察、多学习、多积累，才能保证材料充分、详实。在具备充足的材料的基础上，要学会去粗取精，去伪存真。还要分清材料的主次与详略，做到详略得当。　　第三步，列提纲。写文章之前列个提纲是个非常好的写作习惯。列提纲可以使杂乱无章的材料变得井然有序；列提纲可以使你紧扣主题不跑题；列提纲还可以节约你的时间，提高写作效率。　　第四步，动笔。写作时一定要切题，抓住要点。题目要求的内容一定要写进去，以保证内容的完整。对于与要求无关的内容切忌任意发挥，画蛇添足。写作时要注意语法正确、用词得当、语言地道。在写不同题材和体裁的文章时，所用的句式、时态及用词均不同。　　第五步，检查修改。要提高英语写作水平，除了准确遣词造句、严谨布局外，文章的修改也是很重要的一步。
　　　最后，我想引用毛泽东主席写过的一副对联，“贵有恒，何必三更睡五更起；最无益，只怕一日曝（pu）十日寒”与同学们共勉。若同学们能按着一定的方法，持之以恒地努力学习英语，一段时间下来，必然能积少成多，聚沙成塔，如何学好英语的梦想就会在不经意间come true。

搞笑对话-English

A:Hi,Tony.I'm starting a band.will you join us?
B:Sure,Ben.I'd love to be in a band
A:OK,good.which instrument will you play?
B:I don't play an instrument.I sing.I like music with great lyrics
A:So do I,Tony.Who else can join us?
B:Well,there is Dave.He prefers quiet music
A:Good.How about Harry?He plays the guitar,dose not he?
B:Yes,but Harry loves music that's loud
A:That's OK.We can play loud music and quiet music
B:which music style do you like,Ben?
A.Oh,I like music that I can dance to.But we have one problem for our band
B:what is it?
A.I'm not a musician and Ican't sing

A Spring Morning-英语六级作文

It was early in the morning. I was walking along a pebble path, enjoying the unique tranquility and freshness of the early spring. The path was surrounded by a fresh meadow with some bright scattered primroses. Dew glittered upon the grass and the aroma of the soil pervaded the air. Among the grasses, primroses danced with the beat of wind while the gentle caresses of the sun deepened their blush. Looking forward, we could see trees stretching their branches, which scrambled to get more sunlight.With a gust of wind, they waved their arms elegantly and whispered to each other. As I looked up at a branch, I was surprised to find a bird nest there and heard the timid new born creatures＇ calling. They must be curious about the world around them and wondered where they came from, I surmised.
As I walked, I heard the talk of the wind and smelt the freshness of the air. With the coming of spring, tender leaves and newly sprouted buds unfolded. Flowers were in their full bloom and canopies began to darken. Nature showed me a world of new beginning and new hope, and a feeling arose inside me.

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